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Al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread)

Verse 3of 120

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَيْتَةُ وَٱلدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ ٱلْخِنزِيرِ وَمَآ أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِۦ وَٱلْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَٱلْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَٱلْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَٱلنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَآ أَكَلَ ٱلسَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى ٱلنُّصُبِ وَأَن تَسْتَقْسِمُوا۟ بِٱلْأَزْلَٰمِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ ٱلْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِن دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَٱخْشَوْنِ ۚ ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِى وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلْإِسْلَٰمَ دِينًۭا ۚ فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ فِى مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍۢ لِّإِثْمٍۢ ۙ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ﴿٣

Translation (Sahih International)

Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah, and [those animals] killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you [are able to] slaughter [before its death], and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and [prohibited is] that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

Word-by-word meaning

حُرِّمَتْḥurrimatAre made unlawful
عَلَيْكُمُʿalaykumuon you
ٱلْمَيْتَةُl-maytatuthe dead animals
وَٱلدَّمُwal-damuand the blood
وَلَحْمُwalaḥmuand flesh
ٱلْخِنزِيرِl-khinzīri(of) the swine
وَمَآwamāand what
أُهِلَّuhillahas been dedicated
لِغَيْرِlighayrito other than
ٱللَّهِl-lahiAllah
بِهِۦbihi[on it]
وَٱلْمُنْخَنِقَةُwal-mun'khaniqatuand that which is strangled (to death)
وَٱلْمَوْقُوذَةُwal-mawqūdhatuand that which is hit fatally
وَٱلْمُتَرَدِّيَةُwal-mutaradiyatuand that which has a fatal fall
وَٱلنَّطِيحَةُwal-naṭīḥatuand that which is gored by horns
وَمَآwamāand that which
أَكَلَakalaate (it)
ٱلسَّبُعُl-sabuʿuthe wild animal
إِلَّاillāexcept
مَاwhat
ذَكَّيْتُمْdhakkaytumyou slaughtered
وَمَاwamāand what
ذُبِحَdhubiḥais sacrificed
عَلَىʿalāon
ٱلنُّصُبِl-nuṣubithe stone altars
وَأَنwa-anand that
تَسْتَقْسِمُوا۟tastaqsimūyou seek division
بِٱلْأَزْلَـٰمِ ۚbil-azlāmiby divining arrows
ذَٰلِكُمْdhālikumthat
فِسْقٌ ۗfis'qun(is) grave disobedience
ٱلْيَوْمَl-yawmaThis day
يَئِسَya-isa(have) despaired
ٱلَّذِينَalladhīnathose who
كَفَرُوا۟kafarūdisbelieved
مِنminof
دِينِكُمْdīnikumyour religion
فَلَاfalāso (do) not
تَخْشَوْهُمْtakhshawhumfear them
وَٱخْشَوْنِ ۚwa-ikh'shawnibut fear Me
ٱلْيَوْمَl-yawmaThis day
أَكْمَلْتُakmaltuI have perfected
لَكُمْlakumfor you
دِينَكُمْdīnakumyour religion
وَأَتْمَمْتُwa-atmamtuand I have completed
عَلَيْكُمْʿalaykumupon you
نِعْمَتِىniʿ'matīMy Favor
وَرَضِيتُwaraḍītuand I have approved
لَكُمُlakumufor you
ٱلْإِسْلَـٰمَl-is'lāma[the] Islam
دِينًۭا ۚdīnan(as) a religion
فَمَنِfamaniBut whoever
ٱضْطُرَّuḍ'ṭurra(is) forced
فِىby
مَخْمَصَةٍmakhmaṣatinhunger
غَيْرَghayra(and) not
مُتَجَانِفٍۢmutajānifininclining
لِّإِثْمٍۢ ۙli-ith'minto sin
فَإِنَّfa-innathen indeed
ٱللَّهَl-lahaAllah
غَفُورٌۭghafūrun(is) Oft-Forgiving
رَّحِيمٌۭraḥīmunMost Merciful

Commentary (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

The Animals that are Unlawful to EatAllah informs His servants that He forbids consuming the mentioned types of foods, such as the Maytah, which is the animal that dies before being properly slaughtered or hunted. Allah forbids this type of food due to the harm it causes, because of the blood that becomes clogged in the veins of the dead animal. Therefore, the Maytah is harmful, religiously and physically, and this is why Allah has prohibited it.

Source: Tafsir Ibn Kathir — abridged excerpt

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