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An-Nisa (The Women)

Verse 11of 176

يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوْلَٰدِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءًۭ فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ ۖ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَٰحِدَةًۭ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصْفُ ۚ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٍۢ مِّنْهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌۭ ۚ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ وَلَدٌۭ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُ ۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخْوَةٌۭ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُ ۚ مِنۢ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍۢ يُوصِى بِهَآ أَوْ دَيْنٍ ۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًۭا ۚ فَرِيضَةًۭ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًۭا﴿١١

Translation (Sahih International)

Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers [or sisters], for his mother is a sixth, after any bequest he [may have] made or debt. Your parents or your children - you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.

Word-by-word meaning

يُوصِيكُمُyūṣīkumuInstructs you
ٱللَّهُl-lahuAllah
فِىٓconcerning
أَوْلَـٰدِكُمْ ۖawlādikumyour children
لِلذَّكَرِlildhakarifor the male
مِثْلُmith'lulike
حَظِّḥaẓẓi(the) portion
ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۚl-unthayayni(of) two females
فَإِنfa-inBut if
كُنَّkunnathere are
نِسَآءًۭnisāan(only) women
فَوْقَfawqamore (than)
ٱثْنَتَيْنِith'nataynitwo
فَلَهُنَّfalahunnathen for them
ثُلُثَاthuluthātwo thirds
مَا(of) what
تَرَكَ ۖtarakahe left
وَإِنwa-inAnd if
كَانَتْkānat(there) is
وَٰحِدَةًۭwāḥidatan(only) one
فَلَهَاfalahāthen for her
ٱلنِّصْفُ ۚl-niṣ'fu(is) half
وَلِأَبَوَيْهِwali-abawayhiAnd for his parents
لِكُلِّlikullifor each
وَٰحِدٍۢwāḥidinone
مِّنْهُمَاmin'humāof them
ٱلسُّدُسُl-sudusua sixth
مِمَّاmimmāof what
تَرَكَtaraka(is) left
إِنinif
كَانَkānais
لَهُۥlahufor him
وَلَدٌۭ ۚwaladuna child
فَإِنfa-inBut if
لَّمْlamnot
يَكُنyakunis
لَّهُۥlahufor him
وَلَدٌۭwaladunany child
وَوَرِثَهُۥٓwawarithahuand inherit[ed] him
أَبَوَاهُabawāhuhis parents
فَلِأُمِّهِfali-ummihithen for his mother
ٱلثُّلُثُ ۚl-thuluthu(is) one third
فَإِنfa-inAnd if
كَانَkānaare
لَهُۥٓlahufor him
إِخْوَةٌۭikh'watunbrothers and sisters
فَلِأُمِّهِfali-ummihithen for his mother
ٱلسُّدُسُ ۚl-sudusu(is) the sixth
مِنۢminfrom
بَعْدِbaʿdiafter
وَصِيَّةٍۢwaṣiyyatinany will
يُوصِىyūṣīhe has made
بِهَآbihā[of which]
أَوْawor
دَيْنٍ ۗdayninany debt
ءَابَآؤُكُمْābāukumYour parents
وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْwa-abnāukumand your children
لَاnot
تَدْرُونَtadrūnayou know
أَيُّهُمْayyuhumwhich of them
أَقْرَبُaqrabu(is) nearer
لَكُمْlakumto you
نَفْعًۭا ۚnafʿan(in) benefit
فَرِيضَةًۭfarīḍatanAn obligation
مِّنَminafrom
ٱللَّهِ ۗl-lahiAllah
إِنَّinnaIndeed
ٱللَّهَl-lahaAllah
كَانَkānais
عَلِيمًاʿalīmanAll-Knowing
حَكِيمًۭاḥakīmanAll-Wise

Commentary (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

Learning the Various Shares of the Inheritance is EncouragedThis, the following, and the last honorable Ayah in this Surah contain the knowledge of Al-Fara'id, inheritance. The knowledge of Al-Fara'id is derived from these three Ayat and from the Hadiths on this subject which explain them. Learning this knowledge is encouraged, especially the specific things mentioned in the Ayat. Ibn `Uyaynah said; "Knowledge of Al-Fara'id was called half of knowledge, because it effects all people.

Source: Tafsir Ibn Kathir — abridged excerpt

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