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An-Nisa (The Women)

Verse 176of 176

يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِى ٱلْكَلَٰلَةِ ۚ إِنِ ٱمْرُؤٌا۟ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌۭ وَلَهُۥٓ أُخْتٌۭ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ ۚ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَآ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌۭ ۚ فَإِن كَانَتَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا ٱلثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ۚ وَإِن كَانُوٓا۟ إِخْوَةًۭ رِّجَالًۭا وَنِسَآءًۭ فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۗ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا۟ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌۢ﴿١٧٦

Translation (Sahih International)

They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs]." If a man dies, leaving no child but [only] a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two-thirds of what he left. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females. Allah makes clear to you [His law], lest you go astray. And Allah is Knowing of all things.

Word-by-word meaning

يَسْتَفْتُونَكَyastaftūnakaThey seek your ruling
قُلِquliSay
ٱللَّهُl-lahuAllah
يُفْتِيكُمْyuf'tīkumgives you a ruling
فِىconcerning
ٱلْكَلَـٰلَةِ ۚl-kalālatithe Kalala
إِنِiniif
ٱمْرُؤٌا۟im'ru-ona man
هَلَكَhalakadied
لَيْسَlaysa(and) not
لَهُۥlahuhe has
وَلَدٌۭwaladuna child
وَلَهُۥٓwalahuand he has
أُخْتٌۭukh'tuna sister
فَلَهَاfalahāthen for her
نِصْفُniṣ'fu(is) a half
مَا(of) what
تَرَكَ ۚtarakahe left
وَهُوَwahuwaAnd he
يَرِثُهَآyarithuhāwill inherit from her
إِنinif
لَّمْlamnot
يَكُنyakunis
لَّهَاlahāfor her
وَلَدٌۭ ۚwaladuna child
فَإِنfa-inBut if
كَانَتَاkānatāthere were
ٱثْنَتَيْنِith'nataynitwo females
فَلَهُمَاfalahumāthen for them
ٱلثُّلُثَانِl-thuluthānitwo thirds
مِمَّاmimmāof what
تَرَكَ ۚtarakahe left
وَإِنwa-inBut if
كَانُوٓا۟kānūthey were
إِخْوَةًۭikh'watanbrothers and sisters
رِّجَالًۭاrijālanmen
وَنِسَآءًۭwanisāanand women
فَلِلذَّكَرِfalildhakarithen the male will have
مِثْلُmith'lulike
حَظِّḥaẓẓishare
ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۗl-unthayayni(of) the two females
يُبَيِّنُyubayyinumakes clear
ٱللَّهُl-lahuAllah
لَكُمْlakumto you
أَنanlest
تَضِلُّوا۟ ۗtaḍillūyou go astray
وَٱللَّهُwal-lahuAnd Allah
بِكُلِّbikulliof every
شَىْءٍshayinthing
عَلِيمٌۢʿalīmun(is) All-Knower

Commentary (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

This is the Last Ayah Ever Revealed, the Ruling on Al-KalalahAl-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said that the last Surah to be revealed was Surah Bara'ah (chapter 9) and the last Ayah to be revealed was,يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ(They ask you for a legal verdict...) Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came visiting me when I was so ill that I fell unconscious. He performed ablution and poured the remaining water on me, or had it poured on me.

Source: Tafsir Ibn Kathir — abridged excerpt

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