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At-Tawbah (The Repentance)

Verse 36of 129

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ ٱلشُّهُورِ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًۭا فِى كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ مِنْهَآ أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌۭ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلْقَيِّمُ ۚ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا۟ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ ۚ وَقَٰتِلُوا۟ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ كَآفَّةًۭ كَمَا يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمْ كَآفَّةًۭ ۚ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ﴿٣٦

Translation (Sahih International)

Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous [who fear Him].

Word-by-word meaning

إِنَّinnaIndeed
عِدَّةَʿiddata(the) number
ٱلشُّهُورِl-shuhūri(of) the months
عِندَʿindawith
ٱللَّهِl-lahiAllah
ٱثْنَاith'nā(is) twelve
عَشَرَʿashara(is) twelve
شَهْرًۭاshahranmonths
فِىin
كِتَـٰبِkitābi(the) ordinance
ٱللَّهِl-lahi(of) Allah
يَوْمَyawma(from the) Day
خَلَقَkhalaqaHe created
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِl-samāwātithe heavens
وَٱلْأَرْضَwal-arḍaand the earth
مِنْهَآmin'hāof them
أَرْبَعَةٌarbaʿatunfour
حُرُمٌۭ ۚḥurumun(are) sacred
ذَٰلِكَdhālikaThat
ٱلدِّينُl-dīnu(is) the religion
ٱلْقَيِّمُ ۚl-qayimuthe upright
فَلَاfalāso (do) not
تَظْلِمُوا۟taẓlimūwrong
فِيهِنَّfīhinnatherein
أَنفُسَكُمْ ۚanfusakumyourselves
وَقَـٰتِلُوا۟waqātilūAnd fight
ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَl-mush'rikīnathe polytheists
كَآفَّةًۭkāffatanall together
كَمَاkamāas
يُقَـٰتِلُونَكُمْyuqātilūnakumthey fight you
كَآفَّةًۭ ۚkāffatanall together
وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟wa-iʿ'lamūAnd know
أَنَّannathat
ٱللَّهَl-lahaAllah
مَعَmaʿa(is) with
ٱلْمُتَّقِينَl-mutaqīnathe righteous

Commentary (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

The Year consists of Twelve MonthsImam Ahmad recorded that Abu Bakrah said that the Prophet said in a speech during his Hajj, «أَلَا إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللهُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، السَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُةٌ حُرُمٌ، ثَلَاثَةٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ: ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ وَرَجَبُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَان»ثم قال: «أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا»قلنا: الله ورسوله أعلم، فسكت حتى ظننا أنه سيسميه بغير اسمه قال:...

Source: Tafsir Ibn Kathir — abridged excerpt

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