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Al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread)

Verse 40of 120

أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ يُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ﴿٤٠

Translation (Sahih International)

Do you not know that to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth? He punishes whom He wills and forgives whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent.

Word-by-word meaning

أَلَمْalamDo not
تَعْلَمْtaʿlamyou know
أَنَّannathat
ٱللَّهَl-lahaAllah
لَهُۥlahuto Him (belongs)
مُلْكُmul'ku(the) dominion
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِl-samāwāti(of) the heavens
وَٱلْأَرْضِwal-arḍiand the earth
يُعَذِّبُyuʿadhibuHe punishes
مَنmanwhom
يَشَآءُyashāuHe wills
وَيَغْفِرُwayaghfiruand He forgives
لِمَنliman[to] whom
يَشَآءُ ۗyashāuHe wills
وَٱللَّهُwal-lahuAnd Allah
عَلَىٰʿalā(is) on
كُلِّkullievery
شَىْءٍۢshayinthing
قَدِيرٌۭqadīrunAll-Powerful

Commentary (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

The Necessity of Cutting off the Hand of the ThiefAllah commands and decrees that the hand of the thief, male or female be cut off. During the time of Jahiliyyah, this was also the punishment for the thief, and Islam upheld this punishment. In Islam, there are several conditions that must be met before this punishment is carried out, as we will come to know, Allah willing. There are other rulings that Islam upheld after modifying these rulings, such as that of blood money for example.

Source: Tafsir Ibn Kathir — abridged excerpt

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