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At-Tawbah (The Repentance)

Verse 31of 129

ٱتَّخَذُوٓا۟ أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَٰنَهُمْ أَرْبَابًۭا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلْمَسِيحَ ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَمَآ أُمِرُوٓا۟ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوٓا۟ إِلَٰهًۭا وَٰحِدًۭا ۖ لَّآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ سُبْحَٰنَهُۥ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ﴿٣١

Translation (Sahih International)

They have taken their scholars and monks as lords besides Allah, and [also] the Messiah, the son of Mary. And they were not commanded except to worship one God; there is no deity except Him. Exalted is He above whatever they associate with Him.

Word-by-word meaning

ٱتَّخَذُوٓا۟ittakhadhūThey have taken
أَحْبَارَهُمْaḥbārahumtheir rabbis
وَرُهْبَـٰنَهُمْwaruh'bānahumand their monks
أَرْبَابًۭاarbāban(as) Lords
مِّنminbesides
دُونِdūnibesides
ٱللَّهِl-lahiAllah
وَٱلْمَسِيحَwal-masīḥaand the Messiah
ٱبْنَib'nason
مَرْيَمَmaryama(of) Maryam
وَمَآwamāAnd not
أُمِرُوٓا۟umirūthey were commanded
إِلَّاillāexcept
لِيَعْبُدُوٓا۟liyaʿbudūthat they worship
إِلَـٰهًۭاilāhanOne God
وَٰحِدًۭا ۖwāḥidanOne God
لَّآ(There) is no
إِلَـٰهَilāhagod
إِلَّاillāexcept
هُوَ ۚhuwaHim
سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥsub'ḥānahuGlory be to Him
عَمَّاʿammāfrom what
يُشْرِكُونَyush'rikūnathey associate (with Him)

Commentary (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

Fighting the Jews and Christians is legislated because They are Idolators and DisbelieversAllah the Exalted encourages the believers to fight the polytheists, disbelieving Jews and Christians, who uttered this terrible statement and utter lies against Allah, the Exalted. As for the Jews, they claimed that `Uzayr was the son of God, Allah is free of what they attribute to Him. As for the misguidance of Christians over `Isa, it is obvious.

Source: Tafsir Ibn Kathir — abridged excerpt

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